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κ 54 ķⱸ(FAO) ƽþƿ ,
߳, ص ī ߵ ٰ ϴ Ͽ
Դ. ߵ ɼ ϳµ 뵿 âϿ ߰ Ŵν
Ȱ Ա ̴. ܹ ȭиŰ ۹ 긲 Ȯ ȭȹ濡
ũ Ͽ. κ Ŀ ȭиŰ е Կ ܹ 귮 Ű Ȯ ȭиŰڷμ
Ͽ. ȭиŰ ġ ϸ 960$ , 196$ ۹꿡 Ͽ, 1,170$ ϰ Ǵ
̴. ´ 뱹 ؿδ 鿡 ں ִ. FAO
ߵ ̷ ϿԴ. 10Ⱓ FAO а ߵ ϰų ο
Ű 55 ̻ Ʈ Ͽ. UNDP ҿ FAO Ǵ 10
Ϸ Ͽ. FAO л Ϸ Ʈ ʾ ̴. Ŀ ȸ
ȯ(dz пڿ ӱ 뵿) ȣӿ ұϰ κ ߵ ϰ ִ. -
Ʒõ ηº ༺ - ڿ - 깰 پȭ
- FAO ̷ ߵ ξ å Դ.
ǰ ִ ܹ(Varroa mite) ó ִ. ֱ 5Ⱓ ֿܹ
Ҵ ſ ɰϴ. 90%̻ 緡 Ҹǰ 80% Ҵ. ص Ͼī
ذ ɰϴ. ų ؾ 70$ Ѵ. κ ֿܹ óϴ ´
óȿ ü谡 Ǿ ϴ. FAO û ֿܹ ؿԴ.
FAO ο ϳ ڵ ǥ Ǵ ⱸ INTID (The
International Network on Transbounary Insect Diseases) ڹⱸ ϴ ̴.
ȸ ϴ ҷμ ϰ ȴ. - ߵ - ҿ ⱸ
¿ , м - ߵ úо߿ ϴ ҿ ⱸ - ȸ
ڿ ߴǥ ڹⱸ ȸ - 忡 ȸ ܱİ -
FAO Ʈ ȸ پ ֽű ߰
̿
ó ¿ ū ̰ ִ. Ϲ 17 꼺 ε
ó Ը ũ鼭 꼺 Ư¡̶ ִ. ̱ ȭǾ 1,000
̻ ְ 100-300 ϰ Ը Ŀ ִ. ̿Ͱ
Ը ߱ ұԸ̸鼭 ξ ϰ ִ. ó о߷μ
νĵǰ ְ Ư 鿡 Ӹ ƴ϶ ۹ 꼺 ȭиŰ ν ġ νĵǰ
ġ ܰ λ깰 ġ 25賻 150 ġ ִ ϰ ִ. ȭиŰ ߿ ܹ
߿ϴ. ö Ϲ 湮ϴ 3000 Ѵ. 2 ̷ ġ
ߴ̴. ٸ, ѳ ٸ ̵ ڿ ص
̵Ǿ. 1951 ܹ(Acarais woodi) , Ϲ, ƽþƿ ī Եǰ Ǿ.
ܹ(Varroa jacobsoni) 1970 ƽþƿ , ī, , ߹̿ Ϲ̿ ԵǾ. ϳ
ƽþ ܺα ߱(Tropiraelaps clareae) 迡 ִ. ٸ Ѱ
ٸ ݵǾ ɰ ظ ִ ǰ ִ. ֱ ϸ Varroa mite ܹ Virus ű
ü ϴ ˷ ̷ν Ǵٸ ظ ִ ű Ǵ ̴.
Ŀ
õ Varroa mite ̿ õ ݺ ذϱ
ſ ߿ϴ. ⺻ ǥ ߵ ϴ ̴. ̿Ͱ
FAO θ ؼ ̷ ̴. ڷ ̷ ȸ Ǹ
ȸ θ ִ FAOο δ ̴. ȸ ʿϸ ̵
ϱ ϰ ֽ ϴ Ʒð ԾѴ. ʱ ߿
ϴµ ߾ ̴. ⺻ ǥ ϴ ̴. FAO
ִ ϴ ü Ǿ ̴. Ҿ ƽþƿ , , Ϲ
, ī ̿ ̴. ̿ ϱ
̷߸ Ѵ. FAO ̹ ȸ 40 ̻ ϰ ִ. ϴµ ־
ִ Varroa mite ̰ ű ̴. ε Karnakata Varroa mite ̿
õ ڽ ̻ Ҵ. Varroa mite ̿ õ 1995 ܻ 4
Mexico ߰ߵǾ Varroa mite Ǿ ִ. ̿Ͱ ̴. Apistan
Varroa mite ϳ ˷ ִ. ߵ ̸
. 깰 ܷ ɼ . ɰ Varroa mite
δٴ ̴. Ե ֱ о߿ θ ̿ ʰ ־ ߵ
ʰ ִ. ߱ 忡 ǻ ü谡 Ͽ ظ ް ִٴ ̴.
м ǻ ü谡 ٴ ͵ Եȴ. FAO ̿Ͱ ٷµ ܰ
Ѵ. ֱ , ϱ
ⱸ ̷ ٷ ִ ü Ʒü ̴. ߵ 巡
ȸ (ƽþ, ƾƸī, ī, ص ) κ ϰ ̵
ڷḦ ϴ ӹ ´. ų INTID ȸǸ ϰ ȹ . INTID
߰Ͽ ȯ Ѵ.
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<̺ /
> ܹ ϴ Ͽ ż, Ȯ
ϰ ִ. ȣֿ ܹ ַ ̱ ߰ ִ. Ư
ϴ ʴ´. , , ˻Ƿ ̱ 翩θ Ȯι´. ȣֿ
ܰ˻ ˻縦 ´. 忡 Ͽ ̱ ġ ȿϰ ִ. ȣֿ
Ȳ ѱ ܱ չ Ű ϰ Ͽ ȿ ۿ ڰ
ߵǾ. ˻ Ưϰ ˻ⱸ ҵⱸ ϰ ְ Ư Ǿ (Pearson
Hive Cracker) ˽ ʰ ִ ⱸ̴. äн Һ ϱ ؼ
ϰ 쿡 dz⸦ Ѵ. κ Ը äп Һ ϴ ۽ü ߰
ִ. äбⱸ ڵȭǾ ־ ̵ ڿ äнü ް ٴѴ. ߾ ڵ ü
ȭ ܳ ü, 뼼, Һü ü ǰü ߰ ִ.
и ϴ һ ϱ ٴ 簡 Ͽ. չ 缺ϴ ſ پϰ Ͽµ
, ݿձ, ξ Եȴ. չ ִ ڰ ߵǾ. չ ڱϰų
ױ ȭ ߿伺 Ұϰ Ѵ
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1. 10Ⱓ Ϻ ܻ귮 1985
7,225濡 1995 3,362 Ͽ. 븦 İڸ ϰ κ 깰 ϴ
ϰ Ǿ. 1997 1 ϵ 199,846 6,261 ǰ ִ. 4,183 ü
96% Ͽ 1δ 45.9 ϰ ִ. 200 ̻ ϴ 222̴. ܹ ַ
ֱ ڵ þ ִ.
2. 깰 1965 ܻ귮 8,500 ִ뿴 ķ ϴ
. ݸ Թ ü Һ 92% ϰ ̵ ַ ߱(90%) ƸƼ(4%) Եǰ Ÿ Ա 20
Ѵ. Ϻ ε ȣѴ. , Ŭι, δϿ а ϰ ִ. Ưȭ ܵ
ߵǰ ִ. 1995 ξ 귮 6.1̾ ߱, 븸κ 400 ԵǾ. ߵ ǰǰ
ϰ ִ. 1985 Ϻ Ǹ(Apimondia) ҰǾ Ϻ Һڵ鿡 ް Ǿ. ֱ
Ǹž 200 ̄ ̸ ִ. ж ȭ 귮 68 1.4 ϵǾ ִ.
3. ȭиŰ 996
133,652 ȭиŰ ̿Ǿ. ½dz 62,000, Ÿ ½۹ 40,000 ̿Ǿ.
, ü, ڵ, ϻ꿡 27,000 ̿Ǿ. , ȣ, ä, ä۹ 4,000 ȭиŰ
Ͽ. 1991-1992 ½ 丶 ȭκ ڿ Ե ķ ȭиŰ ũ Ͽ Դ.
40,000 ų ȴ. Ϻ ڻ ڿ ǰ ִ.
4. ų 0.5%
̱(AFB) ظ ް ְ Ͻ ܰ迡 ִ. ֿܹ ɰ ,
ļ ̴. ܹ ൿ ϰ ȿ̴. ⸦
47 ̸ Ͽ װ .
5. ⱸ ܹ 꿬ҳ ġǾ
Ÿīʹп ܹпͰ ϰ 4ȸ ܹ ߰Ѵ. Ϻȸ Ը Ǿ
3,400 ȸ ִ. ܰ ξ ǰ ϱ 1997 10ֳ Ϻ ȸ
ź ǰݾ .
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κ ä ȭ ¾翭 ̿Ͽ Ͽ Դ.
̳ ȭ ް ս ȭм Ͽ ϰ Ѵ. ȭ Ϲ
ǰ, Ư ġ, , ΰȯ ̿ ̿ 4 η ִ. ÿ
ȭ ܹ ü ̱, 鹬, ſ ȿ ϱ ̿Ͽ
ϰ ִ. ȭ ʼƹ̳ Ʈǰ ̽ ȿ δ. ȭп ִ ӽ
ġῡ 谡 ִٴ ȭ ִ. о İ ڿ״ 䱸Ǹ ̳ ٷ ʾҴ. ȣ
Į ɴ. ϳ ȭñ ٸ. пĹ 쿡 ſ ΰϸ 췮
ϸ ܰ ȭл Ѵ. ݸ 췮 ȭ dz . ȭϵ 2kg ȭ äϱ Ѵ.
ϰ ȭ Ͽ з ϰ, չ Ҹ Ͽ ȭϴ Ÿ. ܻ ؼ
ȭ äϿѴ. ȭ DZ , ̰ Ǹ ؾ ϴ 쵵 ִ. 20 ڴ
ڷḦ ϸ鼭 ȭ ǰ ϰ ̿Ǵ ü 踦 ˰ Ǿ żϰ ȿ ȭа ȣ
ȭа忡 ϰ Ǿ.
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Propolis ܹ Ĺüκ ̴.
̸ г ڽ Ĺüκ propolis кϴ -glucosidase ȥѴ.
flavonoid ü flavonoid aglycones Ѵ. ܹ propolis 뿡 տ ƴ
ܺηκ ħڸ ´. propolis "pro" ö "polis" ռ,
´. ܹ propolis ַ ȭչ мǾ. ȭչ ֿ
̵ , ˵̵, ݷ ö̵̴. ֱٿ 4 ü propolis
иǾ μ ˷. propolis ̴ ȭչ ִ ͵ ǰ ִ.
propolis ױ, ̷, Ƽ, 뼺, ҿ, 鿪 ȭ ฮ ۿ ִٰ ˷ ִ.
̿ ȭ ٿ ϰ ִ. ֱٿ ǰǰ ȭǰνᵵ propolis ̿ǰ ִ.
propolis Ϲ̰ Ȥ 뼺 ִ. ڴ propolis flavonoid aglycones
鿡 ο ̰ ִ ִ. ڴ ̰ Ĺ ̿
. ڴ propolis ִ ͵ ߰ߴ.
뼺
propolis 뼺 10-50% Ȳ µ 60%
Ȳ̾ ݳ £. 80% flavonoid Ҵ. 60%
isosakuranetion, quercetion kaempferol κ̾ ݳ ̸
ݸ 70% ݿ pinocembrin saburanetion Ǿ 80% kampferide,
acacetin isorhamnetion Ҵ. 뼺 10% ռ ݸ 30%
ռ ణ Ÿ Ͽ. 6080% ռ . 뼺
ȭ ־. 7080% 90%, 60%, 50% 40% ݳ
. 뼺 20% Ȳȭ flavonoid ȭչ ̴.
hyaluronidaseȰ ȿ 80% Ұ ݳ ȿ . 뼺
10% ȿ ȿ ʾҴ. hyaluroniase Ȱ ־ 谡
ִ.
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1. ü丶並 ȭиŰϴ Bombus terrestris
ۺ ̸ ڿ Ȱ չ ù ñ, ڿ Ϲ ùȭ ñ, ڿ Ϲ 100
̻Ǵ ñ 3Ⱓ ִ. ڿ ñ 뵿ִñ ù ° °ñ̸ Ҹ ȭдڿ
ȯ, ڳ û, ڹٴ ü ʿϰ ȴ. Ϲ Ŀ ūڷ 游 ϸ ȴ. ù °
° ñ(ùϹ ȭ) ϰ ش. ڿ չ θ
Ͽ ü丶 ȭиŰ Bombus terrestris 뷮 õ
ִ.
2. Bombus terrestris չ 忡 ü丶 Ⱓ 12 7̸
ķδ 丶䰡 ϱ ̴. ̿ Ͽ 6 չ غϴ
ʿϴ. չ ó ȸϿ ŧƮ( ) ܴ ƽ
50 ְ ½(4) óϴ ó 10 ȸϿ ½ó
(4-5 ) 80% Ͽ. 30 κ չ չ ʾҴ.
չ 3 Ŀ Ű. չ Ǿ ̿Ǿ. 1998 ѱ
ϸ鼭 5 26 Bombus terrestris ӽ״. ̴ ڿ 2 ӵǾ. 4 2Ͽ
100 չ 5 26ϱ 66. ѱ 18 չ Ͽ ̵ 77.8%
100̻ Ϲ Ͽ. ο չ 5 Ǿ ̵ ϳ 120չ Ͽ ű
չ ϰ ִ.
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ϱ Ͽ 40Ⱓ Ǿ
ռ ű ̷Ͽ ؼ ߱Ͽ. ܹ ȯ
ȭչ ϴ ߿ɻ簡 Ǿ. 20Ⱓ Ĺ õ ߿ (neem)
(Azadirachta indica : ֱ) ȿ ڵƾ (Azadirachtin: AZ)
ȿ ־. ڵƾ Ĺ dz̵ ȭչ ,
ؽŲ. ڵƾ ٸ õ ƴ϶ ҿμ óǾ Ǿ
ƽþƿ Ǵ ̿DZ Ͽ. ܷ Ư صȴ. ܹ(Varroa
jacobsoni) ܹ Ӹ ƴ϶ ŰϿ ظ ְ ִ. ̱ ĶϾ 60%
սǵǾ Ѵ. ̱ ǽź(Apistan) ܹ ϰ ϵǾ ǰ ִ. ֱ ϸ
ǽź Һ ܷ Ǿ ⱸ ܷ, Ǵ Ϳ ִ. ְ ϰ
ũ. ̱(AFB) ü ȣ⼺ Paenibacillus larvae ܹ
, еǾ ״´. 30Ⱓ ϱ Ͽ ַ ̽ ϴ Ͽ
Դµ ֱٿ ü Ͽ ٽ âϴ ̰ ִ. ü ϱ ο
ã ñϴ. ߿ܿ ܿϴ ܹ ڵƾ ϴ ȮεǾ ౺ Ϲ ̰ ȭ
ۿ ִ. ֱ ڵƾ ּ ϴ ȥ (Margosan)
Ͽ ũ 뼼 ۿ Ÿ Ǿ. óϿ ۿ ּȭϿ , ڵƾ
ֿܹ ϴµ õ . ֱ ڵƾ ̱ Paenibacillus
larvae ߾Ƹ ϴ ȮεǾ. Ϲͽ(Neemix) ܹ Դ Ͽ ڵƾ
ֿܹ ȿ Ҿ ܹ µ Ư 27 ܹ ϰ
Ҵ.
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Apis cerana 츮 ó Ե 2020
ﱹô ʱ 縦 ո̰ ߵDZ 1965 ó comb foundation
۵Ǹ鼭̴. 츮 70% 긲̸ 3,700 ȭĹ ϰ ֱ ȯ̳ пڿ鿡 ϱ
̻ ߰ ִ. 1935 츮 20 ܹ ־µ 80% Apis cerana
귮 4.1kg ̾. 23,000 30 Apis cerana ǻ ߽ 갣
ϰ ܻ귮 97 1.5kg ϰ ִ ̴. η , ⱸ λ,
ᰡ λ ۿ 깰 Һ ؿ Ͽ Һ
Ǿ. 츮 ִ Apis cerana пĹ θ Ͽ ʳ, ˷ ִ. з ȭȰ
п ִĿ ֱ 깰 귮 ø ؼ ڻϴ Ĺ ߿
п Ͽ п ؾ ̴. Խϱ ȿ ϴ пĹ Ͽ
Եǰ ؾ ̸ 緡 ٴ 뿡 ϵ ǰǾ ̴. 깰 ǰ
Ű ؼ ε ̰ α õǾ ϸ, 깰 ȯ 谡
ؾ ̴. Apis cerana 깰 Ӹ ƴ϶ 긲 ½ ߽ ü Ǹ ȭиŰڷ
̿Ǿ ó 긲ȯ ִ ڿ̹Ƿ , ؾ
̴.
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